Dialogal

El propósito del autor en este tipo de texto es reflejar un diálogo o comunicación, una interacción entre un emisor y un receptor, o un intercambio de ideas entre dos o más personas

June 22, 1938

I’m terribly lonely, unhappy and blue;
I’d really appreciate a visit from you.

Dear Morris:

I received your letter this morning and you must be very busy. Your letter lacks any feeling of friendliness and warmth. It is as cold and colorless as a business form letter. I was hoping to hear from you yesterday and really felt quite hurt when there was no letter from you. Then I thought you might call me and we could discuss this over the telephone, but you did not call. Your letter sounds as if you were afraid I was trying to palm something off on you. It has a defensive ring. Am I that bad in your opinion? Or is it just low?

There is a new swindle going on at the League and I have been roped in. It was unwittingly started by Charlie Zucker and Sylvia Potashnick. I need your help. If I stay in, you must help us keep the books so that there will be no fancy bookkeeping by any of the officers of the organization. This amount will be quite large according to Sylvia and Charlie. Oh! I am referring to the testimonial Dinner suggested by Charlie and which everyone seems anxious to tender to Mr. Lutsky. If you will not help me keep books (Sylvia and Charlie want me and Sylvia to be co-treasurers), please help me get out of this. I believe there will be a meeting of the arrangements committee on Monday, June 27th. Do you think you could attend? I will let you know if this meeting is definite.

The dinner is to be held on October 12th. This is to be a formal catered affair and the committee are to be in evening clothes. I really want to attend, but I am afraid of involving myself in a swindle if I accept a position to handle money. With your assistance in setting up books, etc., I believe we may be able to work it out. Please do not refuse because of any animosity you may have towards Mr. L. Several people have already remarked that you are conspicuous by your absence since election of officers.

The reason I wanted to see you and discuss this was to get your personal reaction. If, by your expression, you did not approve of what I was saying, I could drop the whole discussion. Through the mail, I am like a blind man feeling his way and not very well at that.

There is another matter which I would like to discuss with you. This is purely social and can await your leisure. Do you think you could possibly spare me one evening next week, preferably Tuesday or Wednesday evening? We can discuss the dinner thoroughly and I much prefer not to discuss it by mail. I also need a lot of cheering up, having been the recipient of a lot of bad news. I wonder if you can help me.

Please let me know whether or not to expect you and what evening. If you prefer, we can walk through the park and have our discussion. How about it? Won’t you answer an *** _ _ _ *** (S-O-S)?

Have you heard the results of your oral examination? I am really quite anxious to know. I sincerely hope you pass highly and that you are pleased by this fall.

Please do not beg my indulgence for I understood very well that you were terribly busy in preparation for the closing of school and the continuance of your own studies. Although I know you would not call or write, I was hoping you would do so.

I hope this letter finds you in better health than yours found me.

Sincerely,

Rae M.K.

Disponible en: http://yiddishradioproject.org/exhibits/lutsky/love_letter.php3

Análisis:

La presencia del receptor en el diálogo demuestra la interacción comunicativa directa con el lector (you) y aunque este no realice respuesta inmediata se prevee una posterior reacción, además se puede apreciar los sujetos "I" y "You" y los signos de interrogación"¿?".

- I received your letter this morning and you must be very busy. Your letter lacks any feeling of friendliness and warmth. It is as cold and colorless as a business form letter. I was hoping to hear from you yesterday and really felt quite hurt when there was no letter from you. Then I thought you might call me and we could discuss this over the telephone, but you did not call. Your letter sounds as if you were afraid I was trying to palm something off on you. It has a defensive ring. Am I that bad in your opinion? Or is it just low? (L6)(P1)

Instruccional

En este tipo de texto instruccional el propósito del autor es controlar la conducta del lector.

ipod instructions

The iPod is the most popular mp3 player sold today. Yet despite what the ads would have you think, it's not that easy to use. First of all, it does not come with a printed manual, so the first thing a newbie would ask is "Where are the iPod instructions ?"

If you're not a newbie and want to get started check out the following instructions:

... Or just follow here to watch these great ipod video instructions online.

Here's what you basically have to do to get your ipod working fast -

Step 1 - Download the latest iTunes version from the Apple's official site.

Step 2 - Install iTunes on your local computer.

Step 3 - Add you mp3 music library to iTunes main playlist.

If your iPod is empty and you only want to use it on one computer:

Step 4 - Connect your iPod to your computer and let it sync automatically to your new music playlist.

If your iPod is not empty and you don't want to lost the songs you've already got installed, look at these intructions for your iPod:

Step 4 (again) - Go to the iTunes options and change the settings for your iPod to manual.

Step 5 - In manual mode - every new song you want to from your computer to your iPod... just drag the mp3 file from your music library onto your iPod icon and you're done!

Step 6 - don't forget to eject your iPod before disconnecting the device from your computer.

There's so much more you can do with your new ipod. You can create playlists, add photos and album covers, play games, rip your own CDs directly to your iTunes library... if you want the easiest most comprehensive guide that would get you started within minutes, check out this easy ipod instructions guide. You won't regret it.

ipod instructions - New iPods expected tomorrow.

Apples media event to take place tomorrow (Sept. 5) promises to bring new iPods to the table. Some speculate the birth of the "phaty ipod Nano" a thin flash based iPod with a wide screen designed to play videos. Some guess that an iPhone Nano is going to be annonced, a smaller scaled down version of the successful iPod. Some speculate the birth of a new iPod video with a new touch control OS. Rumors also mention wifi enabled iPods for internet Radio access.

One thing is for sure and that is Apple's ability to create huge buzz around their product lanuchs. Sites like AppleInsider, MacRumors and digitimes have fans following along trying to guess what their favorite gadget company is up to this time.

iPod instructions will make sure to cover the news as it arrives tomorrow.

Disponible en: http://hubpages.com/hub/ipod_instructions

Análisis:

Se puede afirmar que este texto es intruccional debido a la presencia de verbos en imperativos. Confirma esta cualidad los siguientes elementos:

- Download the latest iTunes version from the Apple's official site.(L9)

- Install iTunes on your local computer.(L10)

- Add you mp3 music library to iTunes main playlist.(L11)

Así mismo están presente las palabras que indican la enumeración de acciones en secuencia:

Step 1 - Download the latest iTunes version from the Apple's official site.(L9)

Step 2 - Install iTunes on your local computer.(L10)

Step 3 - Add you mp3 music library to iTunes main playlist.(L11)

Expositivo

Los textos expositivos representan la gran mayoría de los textos académicos. Se caracterizan por su amplia combinación de patrones o estructuras retóricas, es decir la estructuras lingüísticas usadas en el discurso que cumplen una función específica dentro del texto

Police in Poland find sign stolen from Auschwitz gate Police in Poland find sign stolen from Auschwitz gate

The "Arbeit macht frei" sign stolen from Auschwitz in southern Poland has been found in the north and five men have been arrested, police say.

They said the metal sign from the main gate, which symbolises for many the atrocities of Nazi Germany, had been cut into three pieces.

A major search was launched after the sign was stolen before dawn on Friday.

Its theft, the motive for which was not being reported, caused outrage in Israel and among Polish politicians.

Five men in their 20s or 30s were detained and were being taken to Krakow for questioning, a police spokeswoman said.

More than a million people - 90% of them Jews - were murdered by the Nazis at Auschwitz during World War II.

Pawel Sawicki, a spokesman for Auschwitz museum, said the recovery of the sign was an "enormous relief". "We are extremely grateful to the police who have done fantastic work," he told AFP news agency.

"This symbol, probably one of the most important of the past century, can be put back in its place."

The museum is preparing to celebrate the 65th anniversary of Auschwitz-Birkenau's liberation by Soviet troops on 27 January.

Scrap metal yards searched

Police had stepped up security checks at airports and border crossings and searched scrap metal yards over the weekend in their hunt for the 5-m (16-ft) sign, which translates as "Work sets you free". The sign has been restored since the camp was liberated in 1945 "We have arrested five men aged from 20 to 39 in the north of Poland," said Krakow police spokesman Dariusz Nowak.

"They were picked up shortly before midnight and the sign was found in a house," he added without giving further details.

The wrought-iron sign was half-unscrewed, half-torn off from above the death camp's gate between 0330 and 0500 on Friday.

Investigators say at least two people would have been needed to steal the 5-m (16-ft), 40-kg (90-lb) sign.

Auschwitz museum spokesman Jaroslaw Mensfelt said the thieves had apparently carried the sign 300m (yards) to an opening in a concrete wall. The opening was left intentionally to preserve a poplar tree dating back to the time of World War II.

Four metal bars that had blocked the opening had been cut and footprints in the snow led from the wall opening to the nearby road, where police presume the sign was loaded on to a vehicle.

Disponible en:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8423827.stm

La explicación cronológica y la descripción de la manera en la que fue retirada el aviso determina a este texto como uno del tipo Expositivo, por ejemplo se describe el cómo y el cuándo sucedió el hurto del letrero:

- The wrought-iron sign was half-unscrewed, half-torn off from above the death camp's gate between 0330 and 0500 on Friday. (P15)

Secuencia temporal

- A major search was launched after the sign was stolen before dawn on Friday.(L5)

Causa efecto

- Its theft, the motive for which was not being reported, caused outrage in Israel and among Polish politicians.(L6)

Argumentativo

En un texto argumentativo el autor plantea un problema, un tema o una situación en particular y luego presenta sus opiniones o las posiciones de otros en relación con el tema en cuestión.

Off to the Races

By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN

I’ve long believed there are two basic strategies for dealing with climate change — the “Earth Day” strategy and the “Earth Race” strategy. This Copenhagen climate summit was based on the Earth Day strategy. It was not very impressive. This conference produced a series of limited, conditional, messy compromises, which it is not at all clear will get us any closer to mitigating climate change at the speed and scale we need.

Indeed, anyone who watched the chaotic way this conference was “organized,” and the bickering by delegates with which it finished, has to ask whether this 17-year U.N. process to build a global framework to roll back global warming is broken: too many countries — 193 — and too many moving parts. I leave here feeling more strongly than ever that America needs to focus on its own Earth Race strategy instead. Let me explain.

The Earth Day strategy said that the biggest threat to mankind is climate change, and we as a global community have to hold hands and attack this problem with a collective global mechanism for codifying and verifying everyone’s carbon-dioxide emissions and reductions and to transfer billions of dollars in clean technologies to developing countries to help them take part.

But as President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil told this conference, this Earth Day framework only works “if countries take responsibility to meet their targets” and if the rich nations really help the poor ones buy clean power sources.

That was never going to happen at scale in the present global economic climate. The only way it might happen is if we had “a perfect storm” — a storm big enough to finally end the global warming debate but not so big that it ended the world.

Absent such a storm that literally parts the Red Sea again and drives home to all the doubters that catastrophic climate change is a clear and present danger, the domestic pressures in every country to avoid legally binding and verifiable carbon reductions will remain very powerful.

Does that mean this whole Earth Day strategy is a waste? No. The scientific understanding about the climate that this U.N. process has generated and the general spur to action it provides is valuable. And the mechanism this conference put in place to enable developed countries and companies to offset their emissions by funding protection of tropical rain forests, if it works, would be hugely valuable.

Still, I am an Earth Race guy. I believe that averting catastrophic climate change is a huge scale issue. The only engine big enough to impact Mother Nature is Father Greed: the Market. Only a market, shaped by regulations and incentives to stimulate massive innovation in clean, emission-free power sources can make a dent in global warming. And no market can do that better than America’s.

Therefore, the goal of Earth Racers is to focus on getting the U.S. Senate to pass an energy bill, with a long-term price on carbon that will really stimulate America to become the world leader in clean-tech. If we lead by example, more people will follow us by emulation than by compulsion of some U.N. treaty.

In the cold war, we had the space race: who could be the first to put a man on the moon. Only two countries competed, and there could be only one winner. Today, we need the Earth Race: who can be the first to invent the most clean technologies so men and women can live safely here on Earth.

Maybe the best thing President Obama could have done here in Copenhagen was to make clear that America intends to win that race. All he needed to do in his speech was to look China’s prime minister in the eye and say: “I am going to get our Senate to pass an energy bill with a price on carbon so we can clean your clock in clean-tech. This is my moon shot. Game on.”

Because once we get America racing China, China racing Europe, Europe racing Japan, Japan racing Brazil, we can quickly move down the innovation-manufacturing curve and shrink the cost of electric cars, batteries, solar and wind so these are no longer luxury products for the wealthy nations but commodity items the third world can use and even produce.

If you start the conversation with “climate” you might get half of America to sign up for action. If you start the conversation with giving birth to a “whole new industry” — one that will make us more energy independent, prosperous, secure, innovative, respected and able to out-green China in the next great global industry — you get the country.

For good reason: Even if the world never warms another degree, population is projected to rise from 6.7 billion to 9 billion between now and 2050, and more and more of those people will want to live like Americans. In this world, demand for clean power and energy efficient cars and buildings will go through the roof.

An Earth Race led by America — built on markets, economic competition, national self-interest and strategic advantage — is a much more self-sustaining way to reduce carbon emissions than a festival of voluntary, nonbinding commitments at a U.N. conference. Let the Earth Race begin.

Disponible en:

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/20/opinion/20friedman.html?ref=opinion

Análisis:

La amplia utilización del pronombre personal
- I’ve long believed there are two basic strategies for dealing with climate change (L1)
- Let me explain. (L12)

Adjetivos con precencia de juicios valorativos, por ejemplo

- It was not very impressive. (L3)

- That was never going to happen (L21)

Conectores de adición:

- And the mechanism this conference put in place to enable developed countries and companies to offset their emissions by funding protection of tropical rain forests (L32 )

El patrón retórico de agrupación se refleja en el siguiente ejemplo

Does that mean this whole Earth Day strategy is a waste? No. The scientific understanding about the climate that this U.N. process has generated and the general spur to action it provides is valuable. And the mechanism this conference put in place to enable developed countries and companies to offset their emissions by funding protection of tropical rain forests, if it works, would be hugely valuable.

Narrativo

Tipo de texto: Narrativo

Se caracteriza por narrar o contar un hecho, acontecimiento o fenómeno, estos son mencionados en orden cronológico; a pesar de que en el presente texto no hay un predominio de los verbos en pasado, si se puede conseguir los conectores referidos a la secuencia temporal

Poison

Long ago, in a little town not so far away, three young men sat outside a tavern. They saw a funeral procession passing by. They asked a young man who worked in the tavern to find out the identity of the dead person. The boy returned and said, “It is your old friend Lively. He was murdered by a thief named Death.”

The oldest man in the group turned to his friends and said, “Who is this fellow Death? Why is everyone so afraid of him? I am not scared. Let us find this Death and get rid of him.”

The three men agreed. They shook hands. They were going to find Death and put an end to his evil deeds. They went into the tavern and asked the keeper where they might find this fellow called Death. The man said, “Ten miles down the road there is a village. Recently, a plague went through there. Men, women and children all died. I am certain you will find Death in that unhappy place.”

The three men got up and set off to the village. They were in high, good spirits. They had only gone a few miles when they met an ugly old woman. They laughed at her wrinkles and her wispy grey hair. They made fun of her old, torn clothing. They would not let her pass even though she looked frightened.

“Please, please, get out of my way,” the old lady cried. “I tell you Death is following me. I must get away from him to survive. I do not want to die. Get out of my way!”
“We will not let you pass,” the leader of the three men said. “Tell us where we can find this Death. He has murdered our friend. When we find him, we will kill him.”
“Gentlemen,” said the old lady, “if you want to find Death, all you have to do is look under that old oak tree, up there at the top of the hill.”

On hearing this, the three men allowed the old woman to pass. They ran up to the oak tree. When they got there, they did not find Death. Instead, they found a chest filled with gold coins! They sat down to count their newfound treasure. They quickly forgot about finding Death.

Finally, the leader said, “We must be careful with this gold. The townspeople will say we stole it. We will be hanged as thieves. Let us draw straws. The one who draws the shortest straw will go back to town and get some food. The other two will stay and keep watch over the gold. Tomorrow we will divide the treasure and go our separate ways. That way no one can accuse us of being thieves.”

They agreed to this plan. They drew the straws. The shortest straw was drawn by the youngest of the three men. The other two gave him a few gold coins. He went off to town to buy some food.

The two men guarding the gold quickly made a plan. They decided to kill their friend when he returned with the food. First, they would eat the food. Then they would divide the treasure two ways instead of three.

The youngest man walked into town. He thought, “I will buy the food. I will also buy poison and put it in the food. My two friends will die and I will have all the treasure to myself.” So he bought a strong poison. He put it into the food and the drinks he purchased. That night he went back to his friends.

When he returned, his companions jumped on him and murdered him. They quickly buried his body. “Now,” the leader said, “let us relax and eat. We are very wealthy men.” They spread out the food and drink. They ate their dinner with satisfaction, not noticing any strange taste. In a few minutes, both men were dead from the poison.

So it came to be that the three men found Death – just the person they had been looking for. And they found him under the old oak tree, just as the old woman they had tormented had promised.

Fuente:

http://www.cuentoseningles.com.ar/shortstories/english/deathcame.html

Analisis:

Presencia de palabras que refieren temporalidad

- They had only gone a few miles (L19)

-On hearing this the three men allowed the old woman to pass (L30)

- They decided to kill their friend when he returned with the food.(L48)

También se detectó el patrón retórico de causa y efecto

- So it came to be that the three men found Death – just the person they had been looking for. And they found him under the old oak tree, just as the old woman they had tormented had promised. (P14)

Bienvenida

Con el propósito de generar un espacio donde se puedan expresar los conocimientos referentes a las tipologías de los textos en ingles, se crea este blog, Entretex-tos. Parte del trabajo final de la asignatura de Ingles II, dictada en la Escuela de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Central de Venezuela.

Entre 5 y 7 lecturas serán analizadas en nuestro blog "entretex-tos" cada una tendrá una tipología asignada y diferente a la otra, espero el contenido teórico sea de ayuda y además disfruten las lecturas.